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Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi

Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi (1294/1877-1359/1940), known as Muḥaddith Qummi, is considered a prominent hadith scholar and one of the most famous Shi'a authors of the 13th and 14th centuries AH, who left behind works in the fields of history, rijal, biographies, Quranic sciences, ethics, supplications, and other religious sciences.

Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi
Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi
Commemorative stamp of Muḥaddith Qummi on the occasion of the 70th anniversary
Personal Information
Full Name'Abbas b. Muḥammad Riḍa Qummi
Birth1294 HS / 1877 CE
Demise1359 HS / 1940 CE
Burial PlaceNajaf
Academic Information
TeachersSayyid Muḥammad Kāẓim Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī • Mīrzā Ḥusayn Nūrī
StudentsSayyid Ḥusayn Ṭabāṭabāʾī Qummī • Sayyid Ṣadr al-Dīn Ṣadr
WorksMafātīḥ al-jinān • Safīnat al-Biḥār wa Madīnat al-Ḥikam wa l-Āthār
EducationFiqh • Hadith
ReligionShi'a
cultural information
Field of ActivityHadith literature
Reason for NotabilityAuthoring Mafātīḥ al-jinān
Commemorative stamp of Muḥaddith Qummi on the occasion of the 70th anniversary

Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi is counted among the authors who have written about Hadith al-Ghadir, due to his authorship of the book Fayḍ al-Qadīr fīmā yataʿallaq bi-Ḥadīth al-Ghadīr. Fayḍ al-Qadīr is considered a summary of the book 'Abaqāt al-Anwār by Mir Hamid Husayn Hindi, which is about Hadith al-Ghadir. Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi completed this book in 1321 AH.

Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi has been described as a virtuous and righteous scholar, a hadith scholar, and a devout and ascetic preacher. He has also been described as a man of taste, free from prejudice, and courageous, who wished to benefit people with his works and avoided writing content of lesser utility.

More than sixty works are attributed to Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi, which are famous among the general public and scholars, and some of them have been reprinted many times. His first book is considered to be Fawāʾid al-Rajabiyya, which he authored before the age of twenty. He is known as the author of Mafātīḥ al-jinān, one of the most famous books of supplications, ziyarat, and rituals in the contemporary era, which has gained significant standing among Shi'as. His best book is considered to be Safīnat al-Biḥār wa Madīnat al-Ḥikam wa l-Āthār (an alphabetical selection from Biḥār al-Anwār).

Status and Characteristics

Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi, known as Muḥaddith Qummi, is considered a prominent hadith scholar and one of the most famous Shi'a authors of the 13th and 14th centuries AH, who left behind works in the fields of history, rijal, biographies, Quranic sciences, ethics, supplications, and other religious sciences.[1]

Sayyid Muḥsin al-Amīn (d. 1371 AH), a contemporary biographer of Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi, described him as a virtuous and righteous scholar, a hadith scholar, and a devout and ascetic preacher.[2]

Abu l-Ḥasan Shaʿrānī (d. 1352 SH), a prominent Shi'a scholar, considered Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi an eloquent litterateur and a hadith scholar knowledgeable in precise documentation, who wrote in eloquent Persian and Arabic.[3] He also described him as a man of taste, free from prejudice, and courageous, who wished to benefit people with his works and avoided writing content of lesser utility.[4]

Works on Ghadir

'Abd al-Ḥusayn al-Amīnī, the author of al-Ghadīr, counted Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi among the authors who have written about Hadith al-Ghadir, due to his authorship of the book Fayḍ al-Qadīr fīmā yataʿallaq bi-Ḥadīth al-Ghadīr.[5]

Fayḍ al-Qadīr is considered a summary of the book 'Abaqāt al-Anwār by Mir Hamid Husayn Hindi, which is about Hadith al-Ghadir.[6] Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi completed this book in 1321 AH.[7]

The content of this book is reported as follows: This book has two objectives: first, proving the tawatur of Hadith al-Ghadir and responding to objections regarding it; second, explaining the implication of Hadith al-Ghadir and refuting related objections.[8] The first objective is in three chapters:

 
Fayḍ al-Qadīr, a book about Hadith al-Ghadir.
  • The first chapter consists of eight sections, in the eighth of which twelve scholars from the Ahl al-Sunna who have proven the tawatur of Hadith al-Ghadir are mentioned.
  • The second chapter, in nine sections, addresses the objections of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī and provides responses to them.
  • The third chapter consists of two sections, which address other objections and provide responses to them. The second section of this chapter comprises two parts.[9]

The second objective comprises nine sections, in which the arguments for Hadith al-Ghadir, as well as objections and responses to them, are presented. At the end of this book, a section on arguing for the Verse of Tablīgh with ten proofs, along with narrations and sayings, as well as doubts and responses to them, is included.[10]

Biography

ʿAlī Muḥaddithzāda, the son of Shaykh ʿAbbās Qummī, has narrated his father's biography as follows: ʿAbbās b. Muḥammad Riḍā b. Abī al-Qāsim b. Muḥammad Qummī was born in Qum in 1294 AH (1254 SH).[11] He spent his childhood and youth in Qum, acquiring literary sciences according to the custom of his time. His proficiency in these sciences was such that he was called Farrāʾ (one of the great Arab literary figures).[12]

In 1312 AH, he went to Najaf and spent several years studying under prominent masters. He studied fiqh under Sayyid Muḥammad Kāẓim Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī (d. 1337 AH); however, since he was more interested in hadith, rijal, and diraya, he spent some time acquiring hadith sciences under Mīrzā Ḥusayn Nūrī (d. 1320 AH) and received ijazat al-riwaya (permission to transmit hadith) from him and a group of other muḥaddithūn in Najaf.[13] After residing in Najaf for some time, Shaykh ʿAbbās Qummī returned to Qum due to shortness of breath and dedicated himself to authorship and collecting hadiths in his hometown.[14]

 
Software of the Works of Shaykh Abbas Qummi

In 1337 AH, he went to Mashhad and resided there, making several pilgrimages to the House of God (Kaʿba).[15] During this period, he also traveled to India.[16] During this time, in his leisure hours, especially during mourning periods, he would admonish people with beneficial words.[17] In 1341 AH, at the request of a group of students in Mashhad, he delivered ethics lessons on Thursday and Friday nights.[18] Nearly one thousand students and scholars attended his lessons at Mīrzā Jaʿfar school; each session lasted approximately three hours.[19]

In 1352 AH, he moved from Mashhad to Najaf with the intention of residing there.[20] During this period, he also traveled to Syria (Shām) and Lebanon four times.[21] Shaykh ʿAbbās Qummī passed away at the age of sixty-five on the night of Tuesday, Dhu l-Hijja 23, 1359 AH (during the Ghadir decade),[22] corresponding to Bahman 1, 1319 SH.[23] His body, after the ṣalāt, was buried by Sayyid Abū al-Ḥasan Iṣfahānī (d. 1365 AH), a Shiʿa marjaʿ al-taqlīd, in the courtyard of the shrine of Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a), in the third īwān of the eastern īwāns of Bāb al-Qibla, next to his master, Muḥaddith Nūrī.[24] According to Sayyid Muḥsin Amīn, three commemoration ceremonies were held for him in Najaf, Karbalāʾ, and Kāẓimayn.[25]

Masters

In some sources, the masters and masters of ijazat al-riwaya of Shaykh ʿAbbās Qummī are listed as follows:

  • Sayyid Muḥammad Kāẓim Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī (author of al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā)
  • Mīrzā Ḥusayn Nūrī (author of Mustadrak al-wasāʾil)
  • Muḥammad Taqī Shīrāzī (known as Mīrzā II)
  • Sayyid Ḥasan Ṣadr (d. 1354 AH)
  • Āqā Buzurg Ḥakīm Shahīdī (d. 1315 SH)
  • Muḥammad Kifāʾī Khurāsānī (son of Ākhūnd Khurāsānī)
  • Sayyid Abū al-Ḥasan Naqawī Lakhnawī (d. 1355 AH)
  • Sayyid Ḥusayn Ṭabāṭabāʾī Qummī (d. 1325 SH)
  • Mīrzā Muḥammad Arbāb Qummī (d. 1341 AH)
  • Shaykh al-Sharīʿa Iṣfahānī (d. 1339 AH)
  • Sayyid Aḥmad Ṭabāṭabāʾī Qummī (father-in-law of Muḥaddith Qummī)
  • Shaykh Muḥammad Ḥusayn Qummī (master of Nastaʿlīq calligraphy)[26]

Students

In some sources, the students and students of ijazat al-riwaya of Muḥaddith Qummī are listed as follows:

  • Sayyid Ḥusayn Ṭabāṭabāʾī Qummī (d. 1325 SH)
  • Sayyid Ṣadr al-Dīn Ṣadr (d. 1373 AH)
  • Sayyid ʿAbd al-Hādī Shīrāzī (d. 1382 AH)
  • Shaykh ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn Rashtī (d. 1373 AH)
  • Sayyid ʿAlī Madad Qāʾinī
  • Shaykh Ḥaydar Qulī, known as Sardār Kābulī (d. 1331 SH)
  • Shaykh Muḥammad ʿAlī Urdūbādī (d. 1380 AH)
  • Imam Khomeinī (d. 1368 SH)
  • Sayyid Muḥammad Hādī Mīlānī (d. 1354 SH)
  • Sayyid Mahdī Ḥusaynī Shīrāzī (d. 1380 AH)
  • Sayyid Muḥammad Riḍā Gulpaygānī (d. 1372 SH)
  • Shaykh Muḥammad ʿAlī Arākī (d. 1373 SH)
  • Shaykh Muḥammad Riḍā Ṭabasī (d. 1405 AH)
  • Ākhūnd Mullā ʿAlī Maʿṣūmī Hamadānī (d. 1357 SH)
  • Mīrzā Khalīl Kamaraʾī (d. 1363 SH)
  • Sayyid Ṣadr al-Dīn Jazāʾirī (d. 1386 AH)
  • Shaykh Hāshim Qazwīnī (d. 1339 SH)
  • Sayyid ʿAlī Naqī Fayḍ al-Islām (d. 1364 SH)
  • Mīrzā Mahdī Ilāhī Qumshaʾī (d. 1352 SH)
  • Sayyid Maḥmūd Ṭāliqānī (d. 1358 SH)
  • Mīrzā ʿAlī Muḥaddithzāda (son of Muḥaddith Qummī)[27]

Works

The son of Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi has enumerated his works as more than sixty, which are famous among the general public and scholars, and some of them have been published multiple times.[28] His first book is known as Fawa'id al-Rajabiyya, which he authored before the age of twenty.[29]

Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi is known as the author of Mafatih al-Jinan, one of the most famous books of supplications, pilgrimages, and rituals in the contemporary era, which has gained a significant status among Shi'ites.[30] His best book is considered to be Safinat al-Bihar wa Madinat al-Hikam wa l-Athar (an alphabetical selection from Bihar al-Anwar).[31]

List of Works by Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi
List of Works List of Works
Al-Anwar al-Bahiyya fi Tarikh al-Hujaj al-Ilahiyya Al-Baqiyat al-Salihat
Bayt al-Ahzan fi Masab Sayyidat al-Niswan Tuhfat al-Ahbab fi Tarajim al-Ashab
Al-Tuhfat al-Tusiyya wa l-Nafhat al-Qudsiyya Tarjamat Jamal al-Usbu'
Tarjamat Misbah al-Mutahajjid li l-Shaykh al-Tusi Tarjamat Maslak Dhi l-Qawa'id min "al-Luhuf"
Tatmim Tahiyyat al-Za'ir li l-Muhaddith al-Nuri Tatimmat al-Muntaha fi Waqa'i' Ayyam al-Khulafa'
Summary of Volume Eleven of Bihar al-Anwar by 'Allama Majlisi Hikmat Baligha wa Mi'at Kalimat Jami'a
Khulasat Jild Ahad 'Ashar min Bihar al-Anwar Treatise on the Instructions of Hadrat Sayyid al-Shuhada' (a)
A Treatise on Major and Minor Sins Sabil al-Rashad
Safinat al-Bihar wa Madinat al-Hikam wa l-Athar Sharh al-Wajiza li l-Shaykh al-Baha'i
Sharh Hikam Nahj al-Balagha Ilm al-Yaqin
Al-Ghayat al-Quswa fi Tarjamat al-'Urwat al-Wuthqa Fayd al-'Allam fi Waqa'i' al-Shuhur wa l-Ayyam
Fayd al-Qadir fima Yata'allaq bi Hadith al-Ghadir Fawa'id al-Rajabiyya
Fawa'id al-Radawiyya fi Ahwal 'Ulama' al-Madhhab al-Ja'fariyya Kalimat Latifa
Kuhl al-Basar fi Sirat Sayyid al-Bashar Muntaha al-Amal fi Tarikh al-Nabi wa l-Al
Maqalid al-Falah fi 'Amal al-Yawm wa l-Layla Manazil al-Akhira
Miqlad al-Najah Mafatih al-Jinan
Naqd al-Wasa'il aw Fasl wa Wasl Nuzhat al-Nawazir (translation of Ma'dan al-Jawahir by Muhammad b. 'Ali al-Karajaki)
Nafs al-Mahmum Nafthat al-Masdur
Hadiyyat al-Za'irin wa Bahjat al-Nasirin Hadiyat al-Anam ila Waqa'i' al-Ayyam
Hadiyat al-Ahbab fi l-Ma'rufin bi l-Kuna wa l-Alqab Al-Kuna wa l-Alqab

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Damʿ al-Sujūm, (author's translation), p. 588; "A Study and Critique of the Book Muntahā al-Āmāl by Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi", p. 90.
  2. ↑ Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 425.
  3. ↑ Damʿ al-Sujūm, (author's translation) p. 585.
  4. ↑ Damʿ al-Sujūm, (author's translation) p. 585.
  5. ↑ al-Ghadīr, vol. 1, p. 323.
  6. ↑ Ghadīr dar Āyina-yi Kitāb, pp. 627–628.
  7. ↑ Ghadīr dar Āyina-yi Kitāb, p. 628.
  8. ↑ Ghadīr dar Āyina-yi Kitāb, p. 628.
  9. ↑ Ghadīr dar Āyina-yi Kitāb, p. 628.
  10. ↑ Ghadīr dar Āyina-yi Kitāb, p. 628.
  11. ↑ Dam' al-sujūm, (author's translation), p. 587.
  12. ↑ Dam' al-sujūm, (author's translation), p. 587.
  13. ↑ Dam' al-sujūm, (author's translation), p. 587.
  14. ↑ Dam' al-sujūm, (author's translation), p. 587.
  15. ↑ Dam' al-sujūm, (author's translation), p. 587.
  16. ↑ Dam' al-sujūm, (author's translation), p. 587.
  17. ↑ Dam' al-sujūm, (author's translation), p. 587.
  18. ↑ Dam' al-sujūm, (author's translation), p. 587.
  19. ↑ Dam' al-sujūm, (author's translation), pp. 587–588.
  20. ↑ Dam' al-sujūm, (author's translation), p. 588.
  21. ↑ Dam' al-sujūm, (author's translation), p. 588.
  22. ↑ Ghadīr dar Guzar-i Zamān, 62–65.
  23. ↑ Dam' al-sujūm, (author's translation), p. 588.
  24. ↑ Dam' al-sujūm, (author's translation), p. 588; Shinākhtnāma-yi Muḥaddith Qummī, pp. 27–28.
  25. ↑ Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 425.
  26. ↑ Mafākhir al-Islām, vol. 11, pp. 230–259; Ḥājj Shaykh ʿAbbās Qummī, Ḥadīth-i Najābat (1), pp. 115–117.
  27. ↑ Mafākhir al-Islām, vol. 11, pp. 318–320.
  28. ↑ Dam' al-Sujum, (translation by the author), p. 588.
  29. ↑ Dam' al-Sujum, (translation by the author), p. 588.
  30. ↑ Khurramshahi, Dar Khatira-ye Shat, p. 194.
  31. ↑ Dam' al-Sujum, (translation by the author), p. 588.


References

  • A'yan al-Shi'a; Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin al-'Amili, Beirut: Dar al-Ta'aruf li l-Matbu'at, 1403 AH.
  • "A Study and Critique of the Book *Muntaha al-Amal* (book) by Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi", Fereshteh Kushki, *Tarikhnameh Islam*, no. 2, Fall and Winter 1399 SH.
  • Dar Khatira-ye Shat; Baha' al-Din Khurramshahi, edited by Ruzbeh Sadrara, Tehran: Intisharat-e Javidan, 1376 SH.
  • Dam' al-Sujum: Tarjamat Kitab Nafs al-Mahmum; Abu l-Hasan Sha'rani, Qom: Intisharat-e Hijrat, 1381 SH.
  • "Hajj Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi, Hadith-e Najabat", Muhammad Taqi Adhamnezhad, in *Muballighan*, no. 88, 1385 SH.
  • Shenakhtnameh-ye Muhaddith Qummi; Scientific Committee of the Congress for the Commemoration of Muhaddith Qummi, Qom: Intisharat-e Nur-e Mataf, 1389 SH.
  • Ghadir dar Ayineh-ye Kitab; Muhammad Ansari Zanjani, Qom: Intisharat-e Dalil-e Ma, 1390 SH.
  • Ghadir dar Guzar-e Zaman; 'Ali Akbar Mahdipour, Qom: Intisharat-e Dalil-e Ma, 1389 SH.
  • Al-Ghadir fi l-Kitab wa l-Sunna wa l-Adab; 'Abd al-Husayn Amini, Qom: Markaz al-Ghadir li l-Dirasat al-Islamiyya, 1416 AH.
  • Mafakhir-e Islam; 'Ali Davani, Tehran: Intisharat-e Amirkabir, 1363 SH.
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