Verses 14 to 19 of Al-Mujadila and Ghadir
Verses 14 to 19 of Sura Al-Mujadila are verses that have been mentioned in a supplication related to Ghadir, and through their use, the enemies of Ghadir have been considered from the party of Satan.
According to some researchers, verses 14 to 19 of Sura Al-Mujadila are included in a part of the supplication after the prayer on the Day of Ghadir. In this supplication, by using verses 14 to 19 of Sura Al-Mujadila, the enemies of Ghadir are introduced as being under the control of Satan. Furthermore, in this supplication, the party of Satan has been cursed based on these verses and described with these characteristics: denier, promise-breaker, changer, transformer, falsifier, distorter, forgetter of God's remembrance, obstructer of the straight path, and finally, the party of Satan who are under his wing.
Verses in the Text of a Ghadiri Supplication
According to some researchers, verses 14 to 19 of Sura Al-Mujadila are verses that appear in the text of one of the supplications related to Ghadir. One of the Quranic manifestations of Ghadir is the supplications and Ziyarahs that explain and interpret the verses related to the Event of Ghadir. In many supplications and Ziyarahs—especially those related to the night and day of Ghadir—unspoken aspects of the issue of Ghadir are found that are not present in any other narration. In some cases, the occasion of revelation of the verses, in others, an appeal to Quranic verses, and in still others, the application of Ghadir to the mentioned verse has been raised.Template:قرآن
Have you not seen those who take as allies a people with whom Allah has become angry? They are neither of you nor of them, and they swear to falsehood while they know [that they are lying]. (14) Allah has prepared for them a severe punishment; indeed, evil is that which they used to do. (15) They have taken their oaths as a shield, so they averted [people] from the way of Allah; so for them is a humiliating punishment. (16) Never will their wealth or their children avail them anything against Allah. Those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally. (17) On the Day when Allah will resurrect them all, they will swear to Him as they swear to you, and they think that they are on something. Unquestionably, it is they who are the liars. (18) Satan has overcome them and made them forget the remembrance of Allah. Those are the party of Satan. Unquestionably, the party of Satan – they are the losers. (19)
Verses in the Text of the Supplication
According to some researchers, verses 14 to 19 of Sura Al-Mujadila are included in a part of the supplication after the prayer on the Day of Ghadir:
فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ عَلى ما مَنَنْتَ بِهِ عَلَيْنا مِنَ الاخْلاصِ لَكَ بِوَحْدانِيَّتِكَ، وَ جُدْتَ عَلَيْنا بِمُوالاةِ وَلِيِّكَ الْهادى مِنْ بَعْدِ نَبِيِّكَ النَّذيرِ الْمُنْذِرِ، وَ رَضيتَ لَنَا الاسْلامَ ديناً بِمَوْلانا، وَ اتْمَمْتَ عَلَيْنا نِعْمَتَكَ بِالَّذى جَدَّدْتَ لَنا عَهْدَكَ وَ ميثاقَكَ، وَ ذَكَّرْتَنا ذلِكَ وَ جَعَلْتَنا مِنْ اهْلِ الاخْلاصِ وَ التَّصْديقِ لِعَهْدِكَ وَ ميثاقِكَ وَ مِنْ اهْلِ الْوَفاءِ بِذلِكَ، وَ لَمْ تَجْعَلْنا مِنَ النّاكِثينَ وَ الْمُكَذِّبينَ الَّذينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ، الْجاحِدينَ بِيَوْمِ الدّينِ، وَ لَمْ تَجْعَلْنا مِنَ الْمُغَيِّرينَ وَ الْمُبَدِّلينَ وَ الْمُحَرِّفينَ وَ الْمُبَتِّكينَ آذانَ الانْعامَ، وَ الْمُغَيِّرينَ خَلْقَ اللَّهِ، وَ مِنَ الَّذينَ اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيْطانُ فَأَنْساهُمْ ذِكْرَ اللَّهِ، وَ صَدَّهُمْ عَنِ السّبيلِ وَ الصِّراطِ الْمُسْتَقيمِ. اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنِ الْجاحِدينَ وَ النّاكِثينَ وَ الْمُغَيِّرينَ وَ الْمُبَدِّلينَ وَ الْمُكَذِّبينَ الَّذينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِيَوْمِ الدّينِ مِنَ الْأَوَّلينَ وَ الْآخِرينَ[1]
Doctrinal Analysis of Verses
In this part of the Ghadir Day Supplication, five verses are included explicitly, implicitly, or by allusion. Among them are verses 14 to 19 of Sura al-Mujadila, the use of which has been subjected to doctrinal analysis by some researchers:
What is the Meaning of Satan's Domination?
In verses 14 to 19 of Sura al-Mujadila, God introduces a group that is subject to His wrath. He then describes their stratagems and declares that Satan has completely dominated them, and for this reason, they are from the party of Satan. Considering that in this part of the Ghadir Supplication, the aforementioned verses are interpreted as referring to the opponents of Amir al-Muʾminin (a) and those who chose a path other than Ghadir, these verses can be interpreted as follows: Do you not see a people who have accepted the wilaya of Saqifa, upon whom God has become wrathful? These followers of Saqifa are neither from you nor from them. Among their stratagems are false oaths, while inwardly they know the truth. They have made their oaths a shield against Amir al-Muʾminin (a) and by this method, they create obstacles in the way of God.
Therefore, the supporters of Saqifa must await a humiliating torment: they are the people of Hell and will abide therein forever. Even on the Day of Judgment, when they are brought before God for reckoning, they will not abandon their false oaths and still believe that they have brought provisions for the Hereafter. The reality is that Satan had so dominated them that he erased the remembrance of God from their minds. What remains is that these are the party of Satan, and the party of Satan will achieve nothing but loss.
Amir al-Muʾminin (a) says about the stratagems of Saqifa, which led to the misguidance of the people: Know that if the truth were pure, there would be no disagreement in it, and if falsehood were pure, it would not be hidden from any rational person; but a part of the truth and a part of falsehood are taken and mixed together. That is where both appear as one matter. It is at this time that "Satan spreads his wings over his allies," and those for whom God has decreed a good end will be saved.[2]
Curse upon the Party of Satan
By applying verses 14 to 19 of Sura al-Mujadila to the opponents of Amir al-Muʾminin (a), on the Day of Ghadir, it is commanded that the embodiment of these verses be cursed. If the leaders of Saqifa are cursed, it is based on the Qur'an that they possess qualities that make them deserving of a curse, and those very qualities mentioned in the Qur'an are included in the curse. In this part of the supplication, the enemies and deniers of the wilaya of Amir al-Muʾminin (a) are cursed because, in the face of the wilaya announced by the Prophet (s) from God at Ghadir, they undertook great malicious actions whose effects are indelible. According to these verses, they are described with these attributes: denier, oath-breaker, changer, transformer, falsifier, distorter, forgetter of the remembrance of God, obstructer of the straight path, and finally, the party of Satan who are under his wing.
Footnotes
References
- _al-Iqbāl bi-l-Aʿmāl al-Ḥasana fī-mā Yuʿmal Marra fī l-Sana_; Sayyid ʿAlī b. Mūsā b. Ṭāwūs, investigation: Jawād Qayyūmī Iṣfahānī, Qom: Maktab al-Iʿlām al-Islāmī, 1418 AH.
- _ʿAwālim al-ʿUlūm wa l-Maʿārif wa l-Aḥwāl min al-Āyāt wa l-Akhbār wa l-Aqwāl_; ʿAbd Allāh b. Nūr Allāh Baḥrānī Iṣfahānī, investigation: Muḥammad Bāqir Muwaḥḥid Abṭaḥī Iṣfahānī, Qom: Muʾassasat al-Imām al-Mahdī (a), 1382 SH.
- _al-Kāfī_; Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb b. Isḥāq Kulaynī, d. 329 AH, investigation: ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī and Muḥammad Ākhūndī, Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, fourth edition, 1407 AH.
- _Kitāb Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilālī_; Sulaym b. Qays Hilālī, investigation: ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Mūsawī, Tehran: Muʾassasat al-Biʿtha (Qism al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmiyya), 1407 AH.